Rosa Luxemburgo (1871-1919)

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Rosa Luxemburgo was a Marxist theorist, philosopher, activist and revolutionary socialist from Poland. She was an antimilitarist, defender of democracy, considered the most important Marxist woman leader in history.

Rosa studied although the difficulties and prejudices against women in that time and despite the anti-Semitic discrimination in Europe. She obtained a doctorate in legal sciences in a period when very few women even went to university, and her thesis later was useful as a basis for the program of the Social Democratic party of Poland.

During the First World War, she adopted a pacifist position and sent a message, to the workers around the world, to stay away from the dispute based in her beliefs that the war was a confrontation between imperialists. Luxemburgo founded, along with Clara Zetkin and Karl Libnecht, the anti-war Spartacus League in 1914, which later became the Communist Party of Germany. In 1919, she participated in the Berlin Revolution, where she was arrested and executed, because of her strong thoughts and fight.

Through her militancy life, she wrote her ideas in important books and essays that became huge contributions to Marxist economic doctrine. In 1913, Rosa published her most important theoretical work “The accumulation of capital”, which wanted to examine the connection between capitalism, nationalism, militarism and imperialism. Luxemburgo presented the first theories about imperialism -which Lenin would later develop- she described imperialism as the result of a dynamic capitalism’s expansion into underdeveloped areas of the world. Rosa believed in the international socialism, in which the working masses, in solidarity, would take power.

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